Born in Ireland, Edward Rice emigrated to the United States with his parents and three siblings, and settled in Chicago, Illinois, where he received his early education at Saint Pius School and Saint Ignatius College. He then attended Niagara University, Niagara Falls, New York, and received his theological training at Our lady of Angels Seminary in Niagara Falls. He was ordained a Catholic priest of the Vincentian Order on May 24, 1902. In 1917 he was appointed Spiritual Director of the Metropolitan and Particular Councils of Chicago, serving in that capacity until February 4, 1918, when he was appointed a U.S. Army chaplain. During World War I he served with the 122d Field Artillery Regiment of the American Expeditionary Forces in France, earning a Silver Star. After the war he had many years experience in Chaplain duties for the 7th Regiment, Illinois National Guard.