Attached to the Royal Air Force during World War I, Frederick Luff became an ACE, credited with destroying 5 enemy aircraft (3 airplanes and 2 balloons) in aerial combat, before transferring back to the U.S. Army Air Service late in the war. Returning home, he survived an airplane crash at Lorain, Ohio in May 1919, but was left an invalid in his parents’ home until his death in 1931.