During World War II, Arthur Vanaman became the first U.S. General Officer to be captured by the Germans on or about June 27, 1944, while he was acting as an observer on a bombing mission over Germany. After serving in the Army Air Forces in World War II, Arthur Vanaman transferred to the U.S. Air Force when it became a separate branch of service in 1947. He retired in 1954 as a U.S. Air Force Major General.