Chester McCarty enlisted in the Oregon National Guard in 1926, holding all enlisted ranks through master sergeant. From 1930 to 1936 he served as Assistant Attorney General of Oregon, and was elected to the state senate in 1942, declining to assume that post to accept his commission in the Army Air Forces in 1942. After serving in the Army Air Forces in World War II, he transferred to the U.S. Air Force when it became a separate branch of service in 1947. He retired in 1966 as a U.S. Air Force Major General.