Stanley Arthur entered the U.S. Navy through the Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps Program at Miami University and was commissioned in June 1957. He flew more than 500 combat missions in the A-4 Skyhawk during the Vietnam War, receiving 11 separate awards of the Distinguished Flying Cross and 47 awards of the Air Medal, making him one of the most highly decorated combat aviators of that conflict. From July 6, 1992 to 1995 he served as the 26th Vice Chief of Naval Operations.