Growing up in Saint Joseph’s, Missouri, Marvin Utter attended South Park School and Central High School, before entering Platt-Gard Business University in St. Joseph. He then attended William Jewell College in Liberty, Missouri, graduating in 1934. Theological studies followed at Colgate Rochester Divinity School, in Rochester, New York, and after graduation he was ordained an American Baptist minister. He was pastoring York Baptist Church in Rochester, New York, when he entered military service in 1940, and began active duty as a U.S. Army chaplain in January 1942. In 1944 he was deployed to the European Theater of Operations for service with the 7th Armored Division, earning a Silver Star in France and a second Silver Star in Belgium. After the war he remained in Germany with the U.S. Army occupation force as a senior chaplain stationed in Berlin, and in 1946 was promoted to major. He then returned to Indiana, where he pastored for several years before pastoring Central Baptist Church in Indianapolis, Indiana. He was past moderator of the Indianapolis Baptist Association, president of the Indiana Baptist Convention, and a member of the general board for the American Baptist Convention.