While minorities were normally relegated to non-combat duties on U.S. Navy Ships, Gun Tub 10 on the U.S.S. Intrepid was manned by Black and Hispanic volunteers, most of them cooks or waiters for the Officers’ Mess. On October 29, 1944, in the face of a diving kamikaze, these brave sailors of Gun Tub 10 maintained their duty stations until the enemy plane crashed into their position killing 10 men and badly burning the others. Six of the survivors were subsequently awarded Bronze Stars. Decades later Alonzo Swann, one of the six, sued for the Navy Cross he had been promised but which had been downgraded to the Bronze Star. Ultimately, from 1993 to 2002, three of the six men initially awarded Bronze Stars received Navy Crosses. Alfonso Chavarrias, while not one of the six to get the Bronze Star, as a member of Gun Tub 10 who was killed in that attack, was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross by President George Bush in 2002.