Robert Kelley was commissioned through the Reserve Officer Training Corps program in 1956 upon graduation from Rutgers University. During the Vietnam War as an F-4 fighter pilot, he flew 119 combat missions and earned the Distinguished Flying Cross. From 1981 to 1983 he served as the 9th Superintendent of the U.S. Air Force Academy at Colorado Springs, Colorado. He retired in 1986 as a U.S. Air Force Lieutenant General.